Note for Web readers: this Web version does not contain page numbers. The numbers in this index refer to page numbers in the printed edition. A future Web version will provide hyperlinks from the index items to the place in the book referred to by the item.

Preface  

6 • 1965 massacre. The CIA estimates the number killed at a quarter million and Indonesian state security at half a million, but Amnesty International, a much more reliable source—and one with no ax to grind—estimates “many more than one million” victims. For more on this, see Noam Chomsky, Z Magazine, 9/90, 15–23, and Benedict Anderson and Ruth McVey, “What Happened in Indonesia?,” letter to the editor in The New York Review, 6/1/78, 40–42. 

7 • 200,000+ dead. Asia Watch, Human Rights in Indonesia and East Timor, Human Rights Watch (New York), 1989, 253. 

Introduction 

8 • Anderson quote. Tom Hyland, AAP Bureau Chief in Melbourne, article reprinted in the Newsletter of the East Timor Talks Campaign, Fitzroy, Australia, 9/92, reporting a talk by Anderson in Melbourne. He expressed similar views at a talk at Harvard at about the same time. 

8–9 • Western attitudes. Geoffrey Gunn, A Critical View of Western Scholarship and Journalism, Manila, 1994. Most of the material has been available since the late 1970's. See Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman, The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism: The Political Economy of Human Rights, Vol. 1, South End Press (Boston),1979, and much subsequent work. 

8–9 • Woolcott cables. Noam Chomsky, Towards a New Cold War, Pantheon,1982. 

11 • Great souls care little.... Aaron Burr quoted “in the manner of” Napoleon, in Henry Adams, History of the United States of America during the Administration of Thomas Jefferson, Library of America, 1986, 132. 

13 • Timor's petroleum smells better.... John Pilger, “Blood on the Hands of the Mates,” Green Left, 4/20/94. 

13 • Boston Globe headline. Story by Brian McGrory, 11/12/92. 

14 • Lloyd George quote. See Noam Chomsky, Year 501: The Conquest Continues, South End, 1993, Ch. 1. 

The Santa Cruz Massacre  

16 • Eyewitness report. Allan Nairn, The New Yorker, 12/9/91, 41. 

16 • Hundreds killed at Santa Cruz. National Council of Maubere Resistance (CNRM) press release, East Timor, 9/3/92. 

16 • Cold-blooded massacre. Max Stahl, “Massacre Among the Graves,” Independent on Sunday (London), 11/17/91. 

16 • Soldiers later kill wounded. Max Stahl, “Dili, the bloody Aftermath,” Sydney Morning Herald, 2/12/94. 

17 • International and Indonesian reaction to Santa Cruz. Matthew Jardine, “Forgotten Genocide: A little attention, at last, for East Timor,” The Progressive, 12/92, 19–20. 

Portuguese rule  

18 • East Timor sits still. José Ramos-Horta, Funu: the Unfinished Saga of East Timor, Red Sea Press (Trenton, NJ), 1987, 14. 

18 • Portuguese arrive in Timor. Jill Jolliffe, East Timor: Nationalism and Colonialism, University of Queensland Press, 1978, 22–23; Taylor, 2–3. 

18 • Early Portuguese trade. Jolliffe, 22–23; Taylor, 2–3, 8. 

18 • Arrival of Topasses. Dunn, 16–17; C. R. Boxer, “Portuguese Timor: A Rough Island Story: 1515–1960,” History Today, May 1960, 350. 

19 • Power struggles for control. William Burton Sowash, “Colonial Rivalries in Timor,” The Far Eastern Quarterly, 5/48, 230; Taylor, 4. 

19 • Official division of the island. Taylor, 12. 

19 • Wallace describes Timor. Alfred Russel Wallace, The Malay Archipelago: The Land of the Orang-utan, and the Bird of Paradise, MacMillan, vol. 1, 1869, 307. 

19 • Portugal shows new interest in East Timor. Jolliffe, 34; Taylor, 10. 

19 • Cash crops and forced labor. Gerard J. Telkamp, “The Economic Structure of an Outpost in the Outer Islands in the Indonesian Archipelago: Portuguese Timor 1850– 1975,” in P. Creutzberg, Between Peoples and Statistics: Essays on Modern Indonesian History, Martin Nijhoff, 1979, 78; G. Clarence-Smith, “Planters and Small Holders in Portuguese Timor in the 19th and 20th Centuries,” Indonesia Circle, Mar 92, 15–30. 

20 • 1910–12 revolt. Jolliffe, 36–39; Dunn, 19–20. 

20 • Rise of Timorese elite. Taylor, 16; Dunn, 7–8. 

20 • Catholic schools. A. Diaz de Rábago, “Portuguese Timor,” New Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 14, McGraw Hill, 1967, 166. 

20 • Dili economically backward. Dunn, 21. 

World War II and after  

21 • Japanese invasion and occupation. Dunn, 25–26; Turner, 3. 

21 • Shouachi's memories. Quoted in Turner, 52. 

22 • Japan might have ignored Timor. Dunn, 23–26; Turner, 4; Taylor, 14. 

22 • Portuguese Timor rebuilt. Taylor, 14. 

22 • Serious revolt. Taylor, 21; Jolliffe, 48–49; Dunn, 33–34 

22 • Church encourages patriotism. Dunn, 51. 

23 • US assists Indonesian independence. Malcolm Caldwell, “Oil and Imperialism in East Asia,” Journal of Contemporary Asia, No. 3, 1971, 22. 

23 • Mass media in Portuguese Timor. Telkamp, 77; Dunn, 39. 

23 • Jesuit education. Dunn, 53; Taylor, 27. 

24 • Dissidents meet clandestinely. Jolliffe, 55–56. 

The struggle for independence 

24 • Murdani quote. Speech translated and distributed by TAPOL. 

25 • MFA's attitude to colonies. Taylor, 25. 

25 • Three options for Timor. Dunn, 59. 

25 • No Portuguese action on options. Helen Hill, FRETILIN: The Origins, Ideologies and Strategies of a Nationalist Movement in East Timor, M.A. Thesis, Monash University, Australia, 1978, 113. 

25 • UDT formed. Taylor, 26; Ramos-Horta, 29–31; Dunn, 61. 

25–26 • ASDT formed. Dunn, 63; Ramos-Horta, 35; Taylor, 27. 

26 • UDT and ASDT leaders. Jolliffe, 69; Taylor 27; Dunn, 64. 

26 • APODETI and Indonesian intelligence. Taylor, 23, 27–28; Dunn, 71. 

26–27 • UDT loses ground to the ASDT. Dunn, 62. 

27 • Malik reassures Ramos-Horta. Ramos-Horta, 41–43; Dunn, 65–66; Taylor, 29. For a copy of Malik's letter, see Jolliffe, 66. 

27 • Australia fails to support independence. Dunn, 67; Ramos-Horta, 75–77; Taylor 29–30. 

27 • FRETILIN'S program. Taylor, 42; Ramos-Horta, 37. 

27 • FRETILIN most popular party. Dunn, 69; Taylor, 35; Jolliffe, 89–90. 

27 • Lisbon calls independence unrealistic. Dunn, 84–85; Taylor, 36–37. 

27–28 • Coalition formed and APODETI rejects MFA offer. [Helen] Hill, 115–16; Taylor, 38–39. 

28 • Outcome of first decolonization talk. Taylor, 39; Jolliffe, 113. 

28 • Operation Komodo. Dunn, 116; Taylor, 31. 

28 • Gough Whitlam quote. Sinar Harapan (Jakarta), 9/74, quoted in Taylor, 32. 

28 • Whitlam's comments favorable to Indonesia. Dunn, 110–11, Taylor, 32. 

28 • Komodo intensified. Taylor, 39–40. 

29 • Komodo succeeds in breaking up coalition. Jolliffe, 115–16; Taylor, 41–43, 46. 

29 • UDT coup. Taylor, 50–51; Jolliffe, 115–19. 

29 • UDT driven into West Timor. Carmel Budiardjo & Liem Soei Liong, The War Against East Timor, Zed Books, 1984, 55; Taylor, 51; Dunn, 180; Jolliffe, chapter 4. 

29 • Refugees forced to support integration. Jolliffe, 145. 

29 • UDT leader not wanting to sign petition. Dunn, 181–82. 

30 • People support de facto government. Dunn, 210. 

30 • Lisbon postpones peace talks. Ramos-Horta, 59. 

30 • CIA confirms Indonesian aggression. Dale Van Atta and Brian Toohey. “The Timor Papers” (Parts I & II), The National Times (Australia), 5/30–6/5; 6/6–12, 1982. 

30 • ABRI attacks East Timorese towns. Budiardjo & Liem, 20–21. 

31 • Recognition comes slowly. Jolliffe, 216–17. 

Indonesia invades  

31 • FRETILIN broadcast. Quoted in Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 15 

31 • Malik minimalizes East Timorese losses. AAP-Reuter dispatch from Jakarta, Canberra Times, 4/1/77, quoted in Chomsky & Herman, 176. 

31–32 • Catholic bishop reports killing everywhere. TAPOL Bulletin, Sep 83. 

32 • Eloise's report. Turner, 107. 

32–33 • Mr. Siong's report. Turner. 104–5. 

33 • ABRI looting. Taylor, 69–70; Dunn, 285. 

33 • Olinda's report. Turner, 146–47. 

33–34 • ABRI rape and abuse East Timorese women. Dunn, 285–86. 

34 • Edhina's report. Turner, 109–10. 

34 • Anti-Chinese sentiment. Taylor, 69; McMillan, 67. 

35 • Invasion expands and number of East Timorese killed. Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 15, 23; Taylor, 71; Dunn, 292–93, 302–303. 

35 • Indonesia-staged event. Dunn, 298; Taylor, 73–74. 

35 • Eyewitness account of People's Assembly. Hamish McDonald, “Staging the Rites of Integration,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 6/18/76, 22. 

UN response to the invasion  

36 • UN voting. Arnold Kohen and JohnTaylor, An Act of Genocide: Indonesia's Invasion of East Timor, London: TAPOL, 1979, 38; Antonio Barbedo de Magalhaees, Timor-Leste: Mensagem Aos Vivos, LIMIAR (Porto, Brazil), 1983, 263–68. 

36 • Ramos-Horta explains voting discrepancies. Ramos-Horta, 112. 

37 • Roger Clark's analysis. Phone conversation between Professor Clark and author, 8/17/93. 

37 • Moynihan quote. Daniel P. Moynihan (with Suzanne Weaver), A Dangerous Place, Little, Brown & Co., 1978, 247. 

US support for Indonesia  

37 • Bush on Iraqi invasion. Quoted in Noam Chomsky, “Nefarious Aggression,” Z Magazine, 10/90, 19. 

37–38 • Donald Keough quote. Quoted in Dollars and Sense (Somerville, MA), 5/92, 4. 

38 • Cable from Australia's ambassador. Sun (Melbourne, Australia), 5/1/76, quoted in Kohen and Taylor, 34–35. 

38 • Kissinger in Jakarta. Los Angeles Times, 12/7/75. 

38 • US approval of invasion. Jack Anderson, “Another Slaughter,” San Francisco Chronicle, 11/9/79, 61. 

39 • US State Department condones invasion. Ross Waby, “Aid to Indonesia Doubled as US Shrugs off Timor,” The Australian, 1/22/76. 

39 • US trade with Dutch East Indies. Julie Southwood and Patrick Flanagan, Indonesia: Law, Propaganda and Terror, Zed Books, 1983, 22–23. 

39 • Indonesia supplies 15 commodities. Jonathan Marshall, “Southeast Asia and US-Japan Relations: 1940–1941,” Pacific Research & World Empire Telegram, 3–4/73, 7. 

39 • Japan's defeat boon to US economy. US Congress, Naval Affairs, and Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committees, “No. 67: Survey of Pacific Areas,” Report to Chairman, 5/29/46, 2, quoted in Peter Hayes, Lyuba Zarsky and Walden Bello, American Lake: Nuclear Period in the Pacific, Penguin, 1986, 20–21. 

39–40 • Kennan's advice. George F. Kennan, “Review of Current Trends, US Foreign Policy,” PPS/23, Top Secret. Included in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1948, vol. 1, part 2, Government Printing Office, 1976, 509–29. 

40 • Nixon quotes. Peter Dale Scott, “Exporting Military-Economic Development: America and the Overthrow of Sukarno,” in Malcolm Caldwell, ed., Ten Years' Military Terror in Indonesia, Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation for Spokesman Books (UK), 1975, 241; Richard M. Nixon, “Asia After Viet Nam,” Foreign Affairs, 10/67, 111. 

40 • US devastates Indochina. Noam Chomsky, Turning the Tide: US Intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace, South End, 1985, 216–17; Marilyn Young, The Vietnam Wars 1945–1990, Harper, 1991, 301–302. 

40 • US supports Indonesian independence and curries favor with Indonesian army. Carmel Budiardjo, Indonesia: Mass Extermination and the Consolidation of Authoritarian Power in Alexander George, ed., Western State Terrorism, Cambridge (UK), Polity Press, 1991; Caldwell, 22. 

41 • Suharto's slaughter, and US Embassy supplies names. Benedict Anderson and Ruth McVey, “What Happened in Indonesia,” letter to the editor in The New York Review, 6/1/78, 42; Noam Chomsky, “‘A Gleam of Light in Asia,‘” Z Magazine, 9/90, 15–17. 

41 • Suharto open to US investment. Carmel Budiardjo & Liem Soei Liong, West Papua: The Obliteration of a People, Surrey (UK), TAPOL, the Indonesian Human Rights Campaign, 1988, 33. 

41 • US investment in Indonesia. Mark Selden, “American Global Enterprise and Asia,” Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 4–6/ 75, 24. 

41 • US companies supply 90% of weapons for invasion. Chomsky and Herman, 144–45. 

42 • US military assistance. Arnold Kohen and Roberta Quance, “The Politics of Starvation,” Inquiry, 2/18/90, 20–21; Taylor, 169. 

42 • ABRI officers trained in US. Charles Scheiner, “No US Military Aid to Indonesia in Fiscal Year 1993!” Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 7–9/92, 51. 

42 • State Department explains friendly relations with Indonesia. Waby. 

42 • Reporting on East Timor declines. Chomsky and Herman; Taylor, 71. 

42–43 • Los Angeles Times reporting. Matthew Jardine, “East Timor: Media Ignored Genocide,” Extra!, 11–12/93. 

Australian support for Indonesia 

43 • Hawke on Iraqi invasion. Reuters, “Australian Warships Sail for Persian Gulf Amid Protests,” dateline: Sydney, Australia, 8/13/90. 

43 • Fewer Timorese than Indonesians. Quoted in Dunn, 141. 

43–44 • Woolcott cable to Canberra. Bruce Juddery, “Envoy Puts Jakarta's View,” Canberra Times, 1/16/76 

44 • Fraser undermines FRETILIN. Kohen & Taylor, 105–7. 

44 • Australian military assistance. Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, Australia's Defence Co-operation with its Neighbours in the Asian-Pacific Region, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1984. 

44 • Ford administration pressures Australia. Michael Richardson, “Fraser given blunt warning at Washington talks: 'Don't anger Jakarta'—US protecting Indon channel for its N-subs,” The Age (Melbourne), 8/3/76, 1. 

45 • Australian Defense Department paper. J. R. Walsh & George Munster, Documents on Australian Defence and Foreign Policy, 1968–1975, J.R. Walsh and G. J. Munster (Hong Kong), 1980, 22. 
45 • Whitlam's foreign policy goal. National Times, 7/19–24/76, quoted in Kohen & Taylor, 103. 
45 • Timor Gap oil field. TAPOL Bulletin, 2/90, 18. 

45 • Woolcott's advice to Canberra. Walsh & Munster, 197–200. 

46 • Portugal files case against Australia over Timor Gap. Roger Clark, “Timor Gap: the Legality of the Treaty on the Zone of Cooperation in an Area Between the Indonesian Province of East Timor and Northern Australia,” Pace Yearbook of Internaional Law, Vol. 4:69, 1992, 69–95. 

Other supporters of Indonesia  

46–47 • Canadian aid to Indonesia. Sharon Scharfe, Complicity: Human Rights and Canadian Foreign Policy in the Case of East Timor, forthcoming (10/95) from Black Rose Books, Montréal. Also her M.A. thesis in Legal Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, 1994, Blood on Their Hands: Human Rights in Canadian Foreign Policy? 

47 • Canadian investment in Indonesia. Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (Canadian government), CanadExport, 1995. 

47 • Canadian weapons in East Timor. José Ramos-Horta, Funu. 

47 • Arms export permits. Access to Information requests, 1995. 

48 • Japan second leading investor in Indonesia. Selden, 24. 

48 • Japan leading investor in Indonesia. Walden Bello, People and Power in the Pacific: the Struggle for the Post-Cold War Order, Pluto Press (London) , 1992, 84. 

48 • Japan leading aid-giver to Jakarta. “Double Standard! Japan's Stand on East Timor,” paper presented by the Free East Timor Japan Coalition to the UN World conference on Human Rights, 6/93, 2. 

48 • Japan's Diplomatic White Paper. Quoted in Akihisa Matsuno, “Japan and the East Timor Issue: The Government, Citizens' Movement and Public Opinion,” paper prepared for the 5th Symposium of Oporto University on East Timor, Portugal, 7/22–29/93, 2. 

49 • British ambassador's advice to Foreign Office. Walsh & Munster, 192–93. 

49 • British assistance to Indonesia. TAPOL, Indonesia: The British Perspective, 1993. 

49–50 • IGGI aid. G.A. Posthumus, The Inter Governmental Group on Indonesia (I.G.G.I.), Rotterdam, Rotterdam Univ. Press, 1971; Budiardjo & Liem, 1988, 114; Taylor, 75–76. 

Indonesia's war of occupation  

50 • ABRI limited to major towns. Taylor, 70–71. 

50 • ABRI progresses slowly in rural areas. Van Atta and Toohey, 6/6–12/82; Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 23. 

50 • Indonesian casualties in first weeks of invasion. “Jakarta's Timor Dead...,” Washington Post, 1/9/76. 

50 • Four-month ABRI death toll. Taylor, 70. 

50–51 • FRETILIN preparations and life in liberated areas. Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 57–59; Taylor, 70–71. 

51 • Encirclement and annihilation tactics. Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 27; Taylor, 85. 

51–52 • Lourenco's report. Turner, 113–14. 

52–53 • Additional Western military sales and FALINTIL units surrender. Taylor, 86–87; Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 66. 

53 • Xavier's report. Turner, 119–20. 

53 • Civilian deaths. Taylor, 88. 

53 • FRETILIN's losses. Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 67. 

54 • Relocation and deportation. Taylor, 85. 

54 • Gusmao successfully reorganizes FRETILIN. Taylor, 115–16; Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 67–69, 71. 

54 • FRETILIN regains territory. Taylor, 115–16; Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 68–71. 

55 • da Costa's report. Turner, 185–86. 

55 • “Fence of Legs”. Taylor, 117–20. 

56 • FRETILIN-ABRI cease-fire. Taylor, 136–37; Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 72–73. 

56 • Murdani breaks cease-fire. Sinar Harapan, 8/17/83, quoted in Taylor, 142. 

56 • FRETILIN consolidates underground network. Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 72–73, Taylor, 136–37. 

56 • ABRI offensive and withdrawal. Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 141–43; Taylor, 141–42, 160 

56–57 • Military situation stalemated. Taylor, 160–61. 

You're Indonesians, damn it!  

57 • Military commander explains Indonesianization. Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 98. 

57–58 • ACFOA quote. Quoted in Kohen and Taylor, 88. 

58 • Results of forced relocation. Taylor, 97. 

58 • Forced labor in camps. Kohen and Taylor, 84–88. 

58 • ABRI undermines traditional social organization. Taylor, 92–93. 

58 • Babinsas. TAPOL Bulletin, No. 59, 1983. 

59 • Justino describes resettlement villages. Turner, 178. 

59 • Indonesia takes over former Portuguese enterprises and traditionally-held lands. Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 106; Dr. Mubyarto and Dr. Loekaman Soetrisno et al., East Timor: The Impact of Integration: an Indonesian Socio-Anthropological Study, Indonesia Resources and Information Program (IRIP), 1991, 20; Turner, 193; Taylor, 123. 

60 • Switch to Indonesian land tenure. “Timorese Convert to Indonesian Land Certificates,” Inside Indonesia, 3/91. 

60 • Monopoly lands with marines. Barry Wain, “Military Seen Behind Firm Controlling Timor's Coffee,” Asian Wall Street Journal, 6/16/82, 1. 

60 • Denok diversifies. Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 106. 

60 • Sandalwood monopoly. Wain, 3. 

60 • PT Batara Indra. George J. Aditjondro. In the Shadow of Mount Ramelau: The Impact of the Occupation of East Timor, Lieden (The Netherlands), Indonesian Documentation and Information Centre, 1994, 58–62. 

61 • Indonesians replace ethnic-Chinese in economy. Hadi M. Soesastro, “East Timor: Questions of Economic Viability.” in Hal Hill, ed., Unity and Diversity: Regional Economic Development in Indonesia since 1970, Oxford Univ. Press, 1989, 215; Adam Kaye, “East Timor Depends on Jakarta's Largesse,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 8/8/85, 20–23. 

61 • Local production replaced by Indonesian imports. Taylor,127. 

61 • Anthropological study warning and follow-up. Mubyarto et al., 51. 

61 • Schools emphasize things Indonesian. Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 111. 

61–62 • Physical education and Pramuka. Taylor, 129; Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, 109–113. 

62 • Refugee testimony. Quoted in Taylor, 128. 

62 • Indonesians increase schools. Department of Information, The Province of East Timor: Development in Progress, Republic of Indonesia, 1980. 

62 • Illiteracy remains high. Jakarta Post, 8/5/89, cited in Taylor, 129. 

62 • Birth control program. Quoted in Taylor, 159. 

62 • Forced sterilization of women. Taylor, 158; TAPOL Bulletin, 9/83, 8. 

63 • Belo denies population problem. Asia Watch, 74. 

63 • Objectives and practices of transmigration. Marcus Colchester, “The Struggle for Land—Tribal Peoples in the Face of the Transmigration Programme,” The Ecologist, vol. 16, no. 2/3, 1986, 103; Taylor, 124; Aditjondro, 26. 

63 • Transmigration estimate. Taylor, 124. 

63 • Transmigration target for 1992–93. “For First Time, Central Java Transmigrates 25 Families to East Timor,” 11/2/92, excerpted from an article in Kedualatan Rakyat, posted in reg.indonesia on PeaceNet. 

64 • 25,000 heads of family migrate. Anonymous, “Travelling in East Timor with Eyes and Ears Open,” Inside Indonesia, 10/89, 25. 

64 • 100,000 Indonesians in East Timor. Xanana Gusmao & José Ramos-Horta, “Basic Questions, Straight Answers,” Aide-Memoire, National Council of Maubere Resistance, 5/92. 

64 • East Timorese forced to join ABRI. Dunn, 303–304; Budiardjo & Liem, 1984, Part II. 

64 • Jorge's story. Turner, 172–74. 

Recent developments 

65 • Expanding anticolonial movement. TAPOL, “East Timor: Statement to the UN Decolonisation Committee—New York, July 1992,” Occasional Reports #19. 
65 • ABRI hunts “two-faced” East Timorese. TAPOL Bulletin, 2/93 & 4/93. 

66 • ABRI captures Xanana Gusmao.TAPOL Bulletin, 12/92 and 2/93. 

66–67 • Ongoing resistance. Matthew Jardine, “APEC, the United States & East Timor,” Z Magazine, 1/95, 34–39. 

67 • CNRM founded. TAPOL Bulletin, 4/90, 12. 

67 • FALINTIL's strength. Stahl, 1994. 

68 • CCFD founded. Joaquim T. Negreiros, “Timorese Resistance: I Conference Reinforces Unity,” O Publico (Lisbon), 4/1/95. 

East Timor's future 

69 • Gravel in our shoes. Quoted in Jardine, 1992, 21. 

69 • East Timor not prosperous. “Few Investors Take Up Invite to East Timor,” Australian Financial Review (reprinted from Asian Wall Street Journal), 6/10/93. 

69 • ABRI casualties in East Timor. TAPOL Bulletin, 6/88, 11; Inside Indonesia, 12/90, 8. 

71 • US arms sales continue. US Department of State, Department of Defense and the Agency for International Development, Congressional Presentation for Promoting Peace, Fiscal Year 1995; US Department of State and the Defense Security Assistance Agency, Congressional Presentation for Security Assistance Programs, Fiscal Year 1994, US Government Printing Office. 

My visit to East Timor  

74 • “Slaves of Indonesians.” Matthew Jardine, “The Secret Sacrifice of East Timor: Amid Invasion, Massacre, and Insurrection, the Church Takes a Stand,” Christianity & Crisis, 2/1/93, 16–18. 

76 • The resistance has won politically. Matthew Jardine, 1992, 21. 

Recommended reading  

78 • Gaspar quote. Jennifer Harbury, Bridge of Courage: Life Stories of the Guatemalan Compañeros and Compañeras, Common Courage Press (Monroe ME), 1994, 81. 

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